External factorsPolitical factors

Businesses can’t control external factors but must respond to them. These political, economic, social, technological, environmental and competitive factors are represented by the acronym PESTEC.

Part of Business managementUnderstanding business

Political factors

Political factors involve the decisions and laws that governments make. These include:

  • tax
  • laws
  • political stability

Governments can raise or lower , which will impact on profits. They can also affect businesses by increasing value-added tax on products or

They can bring in new laws like the and the , which impacts on profits and employment rights. Governments can also introduce new health and safety legislation meaning that a business has to change the way it works, for example by training its staff.

The vote to leave the European Union, also known as has had an impact on the way UK firm’s trade with the single market. The impact may be negative (a loss of trade with EU customers) or positive (less restrictions placed on firms by EU lawmakers).