Different forms of abuse
Abusive behaviour can be physical, emotional, or sexual, or it can happen through neglect, especially of children.
All forms of abuse result in emotional problems for a child or young person, in particular a lack of self-esteem and a distrust of adults. The longer abuse goes on, the more damaging its effects. Chronic abuse and neglect may lead to permanent physical and emotional problems.
Bullying
Bullying is hurtful behaviour that is repeated over a long period of time. It often involves name-calling, hitting and pushing, spreading rumours, threatening and undermining.
Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience anxiety and depression, sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and a loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy.
Online bullying is called cyberbullying. A victim can feel as if there is no escape because it can happen wherever they are, day or night.
Homophobic bullying is when someone is bullied because of their sexuality. They may be singled out because of their appearance and behaviour, or because they have family members who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender.
If you have been bullied, you are not alone. There are people you can turn to for help:
- talk to family and friends;
- talk to your teacher;
- seek advice online;
- join a self-help group;
- speak to your doctor - they can refer you to a counsellor;
- talk to a voluntary organisation that deals with abuse;
- speak to the police.
You can also take steps to reduce cyberbullying. Change your passwords, update your security details, and block people who attack you online.
Sexual exploitation
Sexual exploitation is a type of sexual abuse. Victims may receive gifts or money in exchange for performing sex acts. The victim is often a child or young person, who has been groomed into believing that they are in a loving relationship.
They often trust their abuser, and keep the crime secret. Child sexual exploitation doesn’t always involve physical contact. It can take place entirely online.
Female genital mutilation
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a traditional practice in some cultures. Young girls’ genitals are altered, usually with painful surgery, to control their sexuality. FGM has no health benefits and can cause:
- severe bleeding;
- infection;
- urinary problems;
- childbirth complications, leading to the death of newborns.
Someone who has suffered FGM:
- may spend longer in the toilet;
- may suffer from bladder and menstrual problems;
- take prolonged and repeated absences from school or college;
- suffer from depression;
- be reluctant to undergo normal medical examinations.